Emergency Radio Frequencies and Channels Explained Simply

Radio frequencies can seem confusing, but understanding the basics ensures you can receive emergency broadcasts and communicate with family when cell phones fail. This guide breaks down the most important frequencies and services in plain language.

NOAA Weather Radio Frequencies

NOAA broadcasts on seven dedicated VHF frequencies: 162.400, 162.425, 162.450, 162.475, 162.500, 162.525, and 162.550 MHz. Your NOAA weather radio scans all seven and locks onto the strongest signal for your area. These are receive-only frequencies; you listen but cannot transmit. Broadcasts run 24/7 with weather forecasts, watches, warnings, and post-disaster updates.

FRS Channels (No License Required)

Family Radio Service uses 22 channels between 462 and 467 MHz. Channels 1-7 are shared with GMRS at low power (0.5W on FRS). Channels 8-14 are FRS-only at 0.5W. Anyone can use FRS without a license. Range: 0.5-2 miles in urban areas. Best for: short-range family communication during local events.

GMRS Channels (License Required)

General Mobile Radio Service shares some FRS channels but allows higher power (up to 50W) and repeater access. GMRS channels 15-22 are repeater-capable, meaning your signal bounces through hilltop towers for 20+ mile range. An FCC GMRS license costs $35, requires no exam, and covers your entire immediate family for 10 years.

Ham Radio Frequencies (License + Exam)

Amateur radio spans HF (3-30 MHz) for long-distance, VHF (144-148 MHz) for local repeaters, and UHF (420-450 MHz) for urban communication. The 146.520 MHz simplex calling frequency is the universal meet-up channel for hams. During disasters, ham operators activate on pre-designated emergency frequencies coordinated by ARES (Amateur Radio Emergency Service).

Quick Reference Card

Program your frequencies before an emergency. Label each radio with its designated channel. Store backup batteries alongside your power station.